In his second year, Ramesses II decisively defeated the Sherden sea pirates who were wreaking havoc along Egypt's Mediterranean coast by attacking cargo-laden vessels travelling the sea routes to Egypt. During his reign, the Egyptian army is estimated to have totaled some 100,000 men: a formidable force that he used to strengthen Egyptian influence. Though the Battle of Kadesh often dominates the scholarly view of Ramesses II's military prowess and power, he nevertheless enjoyed more than a few outright victories over Egypt's enemies. He was also responsible for suppressing some Nubian revolts and carrying out a campaign in Libya. Įarly in his life, Ramesses II embarked on numerous campaigns to restore possession of previously held territories lost to the Nubians and Hittites and to secure Egypt's borders.
On his death, he was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings his body was later moved to a royal cache where it was discovered in 1881, and is now on display in the Egyptian Museum. Įstimates of his age at death vary 90 or 91 is considered most likely. He celebrated an unprecedented thirteen or fourteen Sed festivals during his reign-more than any other pharaoh. He also led expeditions to the south, into Nubia, commemorated in inscriptions at Beit el-Wali and Gerf Hussein. He led several military expeditions into the Levant, reasserting Egyptian control over Canaan. He established the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta as his new capital and used it as the main base for his campaigns in Syria. The early part of his reign was focused on building cities, temples, and monuments. Most Egyptologists today believe he assumed the throne on BC, based on his known accession date of III Season of the Harvest, day 27. His successors and later Egyptians called him the "Great Ancestor".Īt age fourteen, he was appointed prince regent by his father, Seti I. He is known as Ozymandias in Greek sources ( Koinē Greek: Οσυμανδύας, romanized: Osymandýas), from the first part of Ramesses's regnal name, Usermaatre Setepenre, "The Maat of Ra is powerful, Chosen of Ra". Other spellings include Rameses and Ramses in Koinē Greek: Ῥαμέσσης, romanized: Rhaméssēs. The name Ramesses is pronounced variously / ˈ r æ m ə s iː z, ˈ r æ m s iː z, ˈ r æ m z iː z/. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom, itself the most powerful period of Ancient Egypt. 1303–1213 BC) was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Ramesses II ( Ancient Egyptian: rꜥ-ms-sw Rīʿa-məsī-sū, pronounced, meaning "Ra is the one who bore him" c. Nefertari, Isetnofret, Maathorneferure, Meritamen, Bintanath, Nebettawy, HenutmireĪmun-her-khepsef, Ramesses, Pareherwenemef, Khaemwaset, Merneptah, Meryatum, Bintanath, Meritamen, Nebettawy, Henuttawy ( List of children of Ramesses II)Ību Simbel, Abydos, Ramesseum, Luxor, Karnak "Protector of Egypt who curbs foreign lands" "The strong bull, beloved of right, truth" "Ramesses (Rê has fashioned him), beloved of Amun" "The justice of Rê is powerful – chosen of Rê"
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